ABSTRACT
La recolección y conservación de muestras biológicas con fines investigativos es una actividad ligada desde tiempo atrás con la historia y evolución de la ciencia y la medicina; hoy en día, la disponibilidad de bancos de conservación de muestras adecuadamente validadas, está asociada con el desarrollo presente y futuro de la investigación científica. En general se entiende que un banco de conservación de muestras es un espacio físico que permite mantener en condiciones ideales una serie de muestras biológicas de manera organizada, observando los más altos estándares de calidad, apegados a la normatividad ética y legal establecida para estos casos y cuyo fin es la investigación biomédica tendiente a generar nuevo conocimiento, así como a diversas aplicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Los bancos de conservación de muestras constan, más allá de su infraestructura física, de una base de datos que permite conocer en tiempo real y al detalle el estado y condición de cada muestra, además de protocolos y normas claras y perfectamente establecidas para la utilización de las muestras para los proyectos de investigación que las requieran. La mayoría de los bancos de conservación de muestras nacieron de la necesidad de almacenar muestras biológicas remanentes de alguna investigación biomédica o poblacional, de diferentes campañas de salud, o de muestras recolectadas con propósitos forenses y de criminalística. Posteriormente, con el mejoramiento de las técnicas de conservación de muestras y con el advenimiento de las microtécnicas de análisis molecular, quedó patente la necesidad de institucionalizarlos hasta convertirlos en lo que son hoy, el punto de partida para cualquier proceso investigativo y de generación de nuevo conocimiento, una herramienta científica de primer orden con un potencial de desarrollo virtualmente ilimitado. Este escrito pretende recrear algunos de los aspectos más importantes del desarrollo de los biobancos, así como resaltar su importancia para la consolidación de una cultura investigativa de calidad, seria y sostenida en el tiempo, que redunde en el desarrollo de la comunidad científica en particular y de la sociedad en general. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 158-162).
The collection and storage of biological samples for research purposes is an activity linked for some time with the history and development of science and medicine. Nowadays, the availability of properly validated sample preservation banks is associated with the current and future development of scientific research. It is generally understood that a sample conservation bank is a physical space that allows to keep in ideal conditions a number of biological samples in an organized manner, observing the highest standards of quality, according to the ethical and legal norms established for these cases and whose aim is biomedical research, tending to generate new knowledge, as well as diverse diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Beyond their physical infrastructure, biobanks consist of a database that allows to know in real time and in detail the status and condition of each sample, as well as protocols and clear and well established guidelines for the use of samples required for research projects. Most sample conservation banks were born of the need to store remaining biological samples of some biomedical or population research, of different health campaigns, or of samples collected for forensic purposes and criminalistics. Later, with the improvement of sample preservation techniques and the advent of molecular analysis microtechnics, the need to institutionalize them and make them what they are today became evident: the starting point for any research process and of new knowledge generation, a scientific tool of the first order with a virtually unlimited growth potential. This paper aims to recreate some of the most important aspects of the development of biobanks as well as to highlight its importance for the consolidation of a serious and sustained over time research culture of quality, that benefits the development of the scientific community in particular, and of society in general. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 158-162).
ABSTRACT
El TNF-a y la IL-10 son citocinas reguladoras que intervienen en los procesos inmunológicos y actúan como mediadores proinflamatorios y antiinflamatorios, respectivamente. Se ha demostrado que los nieveles de estos mediadores inciden en la susceptibilidad y en el curso de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas, alérgicas y autoinmunes.Se ha reportado un importante número de polimorfismos en la región promotora del gen correspondiente y algunos de ellos se han relacionado directamente con los niveles de expresión y producción de estas citocinas, en particular en los nucleótidos de las posiciones-308 del gen de TNF-a y-1082, -819,-592 del gen de IL-10. Varios estudios han demostrado asociación de estos polimorfismos simples(SNP, single nuleotide polymorphisms)con la susceptibilidad y severidad de este tipo de enfermedades. Este artículo de revisión presenta la síntesis de la relación de estos polimorfismos genéticos con la susceptibilidad y el curso de las enfermedades infecciosas, alérgicas y autoinmunes.
Subject(s)
CytokinesABSTRACT
The application of Giemsa technique to stain compressed diaphragm samples obtained from rodents experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis is described. Diaphragm samples from rats heavily infected with 20 muscle larvae per gram of body weight (20 ML/gbw) were cut into several pieces and stained with Giemsa; on the other hand, whole diaphragms from slightly infected mice (1 ML/gbw) were also stained with Giemsa. Besides, muscle samples were also stained with Giemsa. Observation at 10 x magnification revealed that both ML and nurse cells (NC) look as bluish structures clearly contrasting with the pinkish color of the non-infected muscle fibers. NC in the diaphragms of mice could be easily observed at naked eye as blue points contrasting with the pink surrounding areas formed by the non-infected muscle fibers. Among NC observed in the diaphragms of rats infected with 20 ML/gbw, 4.4% was multiple infection. These findings were confirmed in sectioned and hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens. This data could be usefulness for a rapid diagnosis of trichinellosis in post-mortem mammals without magnification procedures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Azure Stains/chemistry , Diaphragm/parasitology , Larva/ultrastructure , Rats, Wistar , Trichinella spiralis/isolation & purification , Trichinellosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
The application of Giemsa technique to stain compressed diaphragm samples obtained from rodents experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis is described. Diaphragm samples from rats heavily infected with 20 muscle larvae per gram of body weight (20 ML/gbw) were cut into several pieces and stained with Giemsa; on the other hand, whole diaphragms from slightly infected mice (1 ML/gbw) were also stained with Giemsa. Besides, muscle samples were also stained with Giemsa. Observation at 10 x magnification revealed that both ML and nurse cells (NC) look as bluish structures clearly contrasting with the pinkish color of the non-infected muscle fibers. NC in the diaphragms of mice could be easily observed at naked eye as blue points contrasting with the pink surrounding areas formed by the non-infected muscle fibers. Among NC observed in the diaphragms of rats infected with 20 ML/gbw, 4.4% was multiple infection. These findings were confirmed in sectioned and hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens. This data could be usefulness for a rapid diagnosis of trichinellosis in post-mortem mammals without magnification procedures.